Track-1: Big Data Analytics

Big data analytics refers to the strategy of analysing large volumes of data, or big data. This big data is accumulated from a wide variety of sources, including interpersonal organizations, recordings, advanced pictures, sensors, and deals exchange records. The point in investigating this information is to reveal examples and associations that may somehow or another is undetectable, and that may give important experiences about the clients who made it. Through this understanding, organizations might have the option to increase an edge over their opponents and settle on unrivalled business choices. In the most last decade assembling encountered a move towards digitalization. The extraction of value from information is another challenge that organizations are presently encountering. Information examination turned into a catchphrase in this specific situation, yet once in a while it isn't clear how various techniques or instruments are characterized and could be successfully used to dissect information in assembling. The paper intends to introduce and explain the significance of terms that are as of now and much of the time utilized with regards to examination.

 

Track-2: Decision Analysis and Method

• Problem sorting out methodologies
• Methods for situating multi-dimensional deterministic outcomes including multi-attribute regard speculation, the regulate levels of leadership process, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and outranking strategies
• Goal programming
• Methods for characterize inclination structures over single and multi-dimensional probabilistic outcomes
• Decision trees and effect graphs
• Methods for choosing data probability conveyance for decision trees, sway diagrams, and general propagate models
• The use of propagate exhibiting for decision assessment.

 

Track-3: E-Businesses and E-Commerce

E-business (electronic business) is the direct of business forms on the internet. Trade comprises the trading of items and administrations between organizations, gathering people and can be viewed as one of the basic exercises of any business. Electronic trade centres empower the outside exercises and connections of the business with people, different organizations, while e-business indicates to business with assistance of the web. 

E-Commerce is reforming production network management and has good potential for assembling, retail and administration activities. The use of E-Commerce in assembling, retailing and administration tasks is a structure for describing E-Commerce parts and their job in various regions of an association is proposed. E-Commerce requires considerable foundation arranging, seeking after E-Commerce objectives with underpowered equipment outfitted with lacking transmission capacity, it will thought about programming. The foundation must be planned with adequate adaptability to take into consideration adaptable change, as will be most likely commanded with the proceeded with advancement of E-Commerce.

 

Track-4: Engineering Economy and Cost Analysis

Engineering economy matters is a field that tends to the dynamic condition of monetary estimations and standards through the industrial engineering. It designs to reconsider before settling on numerous decisions in ordinary tasks for example, process arrangements, materials, creation size and other monetary components .However, after a specific point, it will turn out to be progressively efficient to utilize extract forming.

Cost analysis is assuming key job for adjusting a business' financial limit, just as for observing the suitability of a chance. Engineers can think about the expenses and advantages of an undertaking and decide if the advantages exceed the costs enough to engage the task. There are fixed costs introducing frameworks, variable costs each extra input, all out factor expenses. The advantages can contain complete incomes, minimal incomes and benefits.

 

Track-5: Healthcare Systems and Management

Health care management, also referred to as healthcare administration, is the organization, the executives or oversight of medical service systems, public health systems, clinics, whole emergency clinic systems or other medical offices. Duties of these experts incorporate ensuring that individual offices run smoothly, qualified employees are hired, information is spread productively all through the association, specific results are come to and resources are utilized efficiently, among numerous different duties. There are general medical service officers and the individuals who are considered as authorities. Generalists supervise whole offices, while authorities centre on the organization of explicit offices like marketing, policy analysis or accounting.

 

Track-6: Ergonomics and Innovation

Ergonomics could be characterized as the part of science that targets accomplishing an ideal fitting of the work environment and occupation exercises to the specialist.

Industrial ergonomics could be defined as the branch of science that aims at achieving an optimal fitting of the work environment and job activities to the worker. The work environment can affect a worker’s performance in many different ways varying from health damage to effects that reduce the individual’s ability to perform a task or those that cause dissatisfaction and uncooperative attitudes. The scope of ergonomics include physical work load, posture at work, lifting and carrying, machine-human system interaction, but also lighting, thermal comfort and noise. It deals with the assessment of human’s capabilities and limitations, work and environmental stress, static and dynamic forces on the human body structure, fatigue, etc.

• A work place is fitting the requirements of the work power.
• Machinery, Equipment and control devices in such a way so as to minimize physical and mental stress on the people/labourers there by improving the productivity.

 

Track-7: Information Processing and Engineering

Information technology division's exploration centres on the age, dispersion, investigation and utilization of information engineering systems. In that capacity, it rides the limit between conventional Computer Science and Engineering Departments.

Information processing is the control of manipulation the data; it includes the catch of data in an organization that is retrievable and analysable. Handling data includes taking raw data and making it increasingly helpful by putting it into content. As a rule, data handling means processing new information, which incorporates various advances: acquiring, contributing, approving, controlling, putting away, yielding, conveying, recovering, and arranging. Information processing gives people essential aptitudes to utilize the computer to process numerous sorts of data effectively and efficiently.

 

Track-8: Operations Research and Supply Chain Management

Operation research is a scientific science concerned with ideal basic leadership and the displaying of deterministic and probabilistic systems. Its concentration and field of use are interdisciplinary, grasping a wide scope of quantitative systems. Industrial engineering concerned with the structure, improvement, and establishment of incorporated systems of personnel, material, and equipment. Together, operation research and Industrial engineering give a same way to deal with designing and administrative problem solving through conscious utilization of logical methodologies. The capacity of the operations look into examiner or the industrial engineer is guide decision making by identifying underlying cause-and-effect relationships, developing and proposing courses of action, establishing criteria by which to judge their effectiveness, and evaluating their probable effects. Operational researchers utilize their logical and inventive abilities to grow better systems and operational techniques. There's work in this field over a wide scope of businesses, including fabricating, interchanges, transportation, stimulation, account, military, human services and pharmaceuticals.

Supply chain management(SCM) is the expansive scope of exercises required to plan, control and execute an item's stream, from securing raw materials and planning  through dispersion to the last client, in the most streamlined and practical way imaginable. SCM envelops the incorporated arranging and execution of procedures required to advance the progression of materials, data and money related capital in the areas that comprehensively incorporate interest arranging, sourcing, generation, stock administration and capacity, transportation - or coordination’s - and return for abundance or damaged items. Both business methodology and particular programming are utilized in these undertakings to make an upper hand. It is a far reaching, complex undertaking that depends on each accomplice - from providers to producers and past - to run well. Along these lines, effectively supply  network the executives likewise requires change the management, coordinated effort and risk management to make arrangement and correspondence between every one of the elements.

 

Track-9: Production Planning and Control

Production planning is required for booking, dispatch, examination, quality management, stock management, supply management and equipment management. Production control allows that production management can accomplish required production target, ideal use of resources, quality management and cost investment funds. It is one part of control managing fundamental ideas of what to deliver, when to create, the amount to create, and so forth. It includes taking a long gain see at in general production planning. Accordingly, goals of production planning are as per the following:

• To ensure right amount and nature of raw material, hardware, and so forth are accessible during times of plan.
• To ensure limit usage is tuned in to estimate request at constantly.
• Organization can convey an item in an advantageous and standard way.
• Supplier are educated will progress of time for the essential of raw materials.
• It minimizes interest in stock.
• It minimizes by and large production cost by driving in productivity.

Production control hopes to use distinctive kind of control methods to accomplish ideal execution out of the generation system as to accomplish generally speaking production planning targets. In this manner, targets of production control are as per the following:

The benefits of production control are as per the following:

• Ensure a smooth progression of all production forms
• Ensure production cost reserve funds along these lines improving the primary concern
• Control wastage of resources
• It keeps up standard of value through the production life cycle.
• Production control can't be same over all the organization. Production control is reliant upon the accompanying components.
• Nature of planning (work situated, administration arranged, and so on.)
• Nature of activity
• Size of activity

 

Track-10: Project Management

Project management is the use of procedures, techniques, abilities, learning and experience to accomplish specific undertaking targets as indicated by the task acknowledgment criteria inside concurred parameters. A key factor that recognizes project management from just 'management' is that it has this last deliverable and a limited time span, dissimilar to the management which is a continuous procedure. As a result of this a task proficient needs a wide scope of aptitudes; regularly specialized abilities, and surely individuals the executive’s aptitudes and great business mindfulness.

• Defining the motivation behind why an undertaking is essential
• Capturing venture necessities, determining nature of the expectations, evaluating assets and timescales
• Preparing a business case to legitimize the venture
• Securing corporate understanding and subsidizing
• Developing and actualizing an administration plan for the venture
• Leading and rousing the task conveyance group
• Managing the dangers, issues and changes on the task
• Monitoring progress against plan
• Managing the venture spending plan
• Maintaining interchanges with partners and the task association
• Provider the executives
• Closing the venture in a controlled manner when suitable 

 

Track-11: Quality Control and Construction Management

Quality control characterized as the procedure wherein we watch performance execution contrast it and some standard and if there is any deviation essential adjustments will be taken.

Construction management (CM) could be a signified administration that utilization specific, operate the executives systems to direct the look, structure and development of a task, from its launch to its completion. The point of construction management is to direct a task's time conveyance, cost and quality now and then noted as a design the executives triangle or "triple requirements." Construction management is good with all undertaking conveyance systems, together with design-build, plan assemble, CM at Risk and Public individual Partnerships. A skilled construction supervisor is additionally saved for broadened, large scale, high expending undertakings (business land, transportation foundation, modern offices, and military framework), and known as capital comes. It is aimed at meeting a client's requirement in order to produce a functionally and financially viable project. Construction of any industry, residence depends upon several factors like Methods & technology, Sustainable Development, Safety Management, Scheduling and Cost Controlling.

 

Track-12: Reliability and maintenance engineering

Reliability engineering relates near safety engineering and to system safety, in that they utilize regular strategies for their investigation and may require contribution from one another. Reliability engineering spotlights on expenses of cost of failures caused by systems downtime, cost of extras, repair equipment, work force and cost of warranty claims. Maintainability in engineering design is the relative simplicity and economy of time and assets with which a built establishment can be held or re-established to a predefined condition through planned and unscheduled maintenance. In this specific circumstance, maintainability is a function of engineering structure.

• Correct defects or their cause
• Repair or supplant defective or destroyed segments without substitute as yet working parts
• Prevent unexpected working condition
• Maximize an item's useful life
• Maximize proficiency, dependability, and experiments
• Meet new requirements
• Make future support simpler or adapt to a changed domain.

 

Track-13: Systems Modelling and Simulation

Modelling and simulation (M&S) is a basic control that examines how to build and analyse decision making situation models that can be applied in a wide variety of applications. These models are widely used in understanding complex systems in both general and specific scenarios. The huge popularity of the field can be seen in the wide set of application areas such as manufacturing, transportation, government and healthcare, along with its ability to drive increasingly high quality animation. Advances in computing power and efficient computation methodologies have allowed M&S to be used to solve increasingly large problems. M&S is particularly important in the structure, modification, and evaluation of many complex systems and inter-dependent decisions. The applications of M&S are virtually limitless and so is the demand for this division.

 

Track-14: Mechatronics, Robotics and Telecommunications

Mechatronics turns into a progressively clear and necessary outlet for the engineering field; it will keep on extending the assembling market. The assembling field is encountering a skills gap, as an increasing number of occupations with higher required aptitudes open up and there aren't sufficient qualified individuals to utilize them. Mechatronics extension assembling needs, by joining designing in its different structures with specialized and mechanical skills. The meeting point between robotics and mechatronic is automation. In sure cases every innovation territory unit won't to change physical assignment yet numerous varieties of mechanization don't have anything to attempt with physical robots but a couple of robots don't have anything to attempt with automation.

Telecommunication is a differing field of designing associated with electronic, common and systems engineering. They help discover the expense of cash for various sorts of computers and mechanical objects. Eventually, telecom designers are in charge of giving rapid information transmission administrations. Telecommunication to plan the telecom organize foundation, the most widely recognized media utilized by wired telecommunications today are twisted pair, coaxial cables, and optical fibres. Telecommunications designs additionally give arrangements spinning around remote methods of corresponding data move for example, wireless modes of communication and information transfer, radio and satellite communication and internet and broadband technologies.

Track-15: Advanced Robotics Technologies and Flexible Automation

Robotics is the application of mechatronics and automation to create robots, which are often used in manufacturing to perform tasks that are dangerous, unpleasant, or repetitive. These robots may be of any shape and size, but all are pre-programmed and interact physically with the world. To create a robot, an engineer typically employs Dynamics and Kinematics, manipulation, power source, sensing, legged locomotion and Interaction. Solid works, AutoCAD, Minitab, and Rockwell Arena Simulation are some of the Soft wares used in Industrial Engineering by engineers to carry out man and machine interaction Robots allow performing the activities that are not able to do by humans and to ensure better quality in production. Many industries employ assembly lines of robots, and some factories are so robotized that they can run by themselves.

Flexible Automation is the capacity for a component or system to be rapidly and basically in trusted to shift item style for each low and high combine producing. Once appropriately utilized, an adaptable Automation cell will evolve alongside your strategy and request, scale back and fix generation costs, improve quality, and allocate with benefits and inquiries of security.

Track-16: Industry management and Quality Engineering

Industrial Management implies that the part of engineering that manages the production and the management of systems that integrate people and materials and intensity in productive ways. Applied science, as a field of business organization, considers the structure association of business partnerships. It contains those fields of business organization that is basic for the achievement of partnerships among the delivering area and furthermore the incorporating administrations (basically tasks the executives, showcasing, and cash the executives).

Quality engineering is the control of designing that makes and executes techniques for quality confirmation being developed and generation also as programming bundle improvement.

• Management and initiative                                                                               
• The quality system
• Elements of a high quality system
• Product and strategy style
• Classification of quality characteristics
• Design inputs and review
• Design verification
• Reliability and maintainability
• Product and method management
• Continuous improvement
• Quality management tools
• Quality management and planning devices
• Continuous improvement procedures
• Corrective action
• Preventive action
• Statistical method management 
• Risk management

 

Track-17: Manufacturing Models, Planning and Scheduling

Manufacturing systems may be described by a scope of elements. The amount of resources or machines, their characteristics and arrangement, the degree of robotization, the sort of texture dealing with system, etc. The varieties everything considered these characteristics make to an outsized combination of variety coming up with and programing models. In a very producing model, a resource is commonly noted as a "machine" an undertaking that must be done on a machine is regularly noted as "an occupation". In a very production method, business is additionally one activity or a lot of tasks that must be constrained to be done on various entirely unexpected machines.

Scheduling is the technique for course of action, predominant and improving work and outstanding burdens in a very producing method or producing technique. Programing is utilized to consign plant and machinery resources, set up human resources, set up creation procedures and purchase materials. It is a fundamental tool for producing and engineering, any place it will significantly affect the profitability of a strategy. In producing, the point of programing is to reduce the gathering time and costs, by advising a production industry once to create, with those labourers on that instrumentation. Generation programing expects to expand the power of the activity and cut back costs.

 

Track-18: Materials characterization

Material characterization is the method for measure and determines physical, compound, mechanical and micro structural properties of materials. This technique winds up in the upper level of understanding required to determine important issues, similar to reasons for disappointment and procedure related issues, and allows the manufacturer to make essential material choices.

Materials and device are getting continuously progressed. The ways and methods won't to consider and describe them, thus should be increasingly faint. RJ Lee group homes one in everything about the greatest accumulations of electromagnetic radiation instruments inside the world that is equipped for imaging at low amplification for surface overviews and ultra-high amplification for investigation of Nano scale materials and choices. We tend to have one in everything about dominant thorough investigative offices available for examination of natural and inorganic mixes and materials. Our materials researchers apply each regularized explanatory ways and particular application-explicit propelled strategies to help specialized undertakings, including:

• Failure Analysis                                  
• Product Development
• Identification of Unknown Substances and Contaminants
• De-formulation and Reverse Engineering
• Material Comparisons
• Specialized procedure Development and cut back costs.

 

Track-19: Industrial Engineering and Systems Management

Industrial Engineering is a division of engineering which is concerned with the development, improvement & implementation of integrated systems of materials, equipment, energy, design, analysis, as well as the software tools used in industries. Conventionally industrial engineering might be used to plan the layouts of factories, designing assembly lines and other manufacturing paradigms. Current industrial engineers typically use predetermined motion time system, computer simulation and mathematical tools for modelling. Software tools such as Plant Design Management (PDM) are used to make the layout of the factory or industry. Industrial Engineering can also be known as Operations management, Production Engineering, or Manufacturing Engineering depending on the viewpoint or motives of the user. In lean manufacturing systems, Industrial engineers work to eliminate wastage of time, money, materials, energy, and other resources

Systems management refers to enterprise-wide administration of distributed systems as well as (and usually in practice) computer systems. Systems management the executives are capably affected by system the board activities in media communications. The applying execution the executives (APM) advancements are as of now a lot of Systems management. Most productivity are regularly accomplished a ton of speedily through occasion relationship, system automation and prophetical analysis that currently all a part of APM.

 

Track-20: Safety, Security and Risk Management   

Safety Management Systems (SMS) could be an extensive administration plan intended to oversee profit parts inside the land point. It incorporates arrangement, goals, plans, techniques, association, obligations and alternative measures. The SMS is utilized in enterprises that oversee essential dangers, together with flying, oil, substance, power age.

Risk management is a critical part in structure management, whether or not within the personal or public sector. It permits risks and chances to be effectively checked and controlled. Efficient and exhaustive risk assessment gives a dependable premise to basic leadership forms.

• Development of a thorough risk management to analyse and survey risks and opportunities
• Development of organization-specific risk management principles and tips
• Development of procedures for reasonable and affordable usage of risk management into existing work processes
• Support for the occasion of the related structures                                  
• Development of procedures, instruments and assets to help the substances responsible for risk management
• Analysis and assessment of organization explicit risks and opportunities and backing for live designing, implementation and dominant.
• Facilitation and organization of workshops for risk recognizable proof and investigation
• Staff training on risk management.

Security Risk Management is that the on-going strategy for recognizing these security risks and actualizing plans to manage them. Risk is set by considering the probability that glorious threats can exploit vulnerabilities and also the impact they need on valuable assets.

• Identify the most likely risks
• Assess the risks
• Propose, create and execute relevant relief measures (counting plans, preparing, instrumentality and staffing)
• Assist with hazard move arrangements
• Respond to occasions with pre-emptory exploration or mediation and help.

 

Track-21: Facilities Planning and Management

To effectively apply industrial engineering principles to the facilities management environment, it is important for a facility manager to understand the differences between manufacturing (production) activities and operational activities in a facilities management department. Production activities are highly standardized and respective events. The respective action makes them predictable by the use of statistical analysis techniques.

• Clear hierarchy of countable, transformable units of quantification for an objective to the workload.
• Allow for meaningful workload forecast, in terms related to the needed resources or convertible to such terms.
• At least one or more levels, the work unit should demonstrate a firm relationship to required resources to be established: at these levels a work count, the number of times a work unit to be performed, should be a meaningful number with respect to required resources.

 

Track-22: Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Computer-aided design (CAD) is the utilization of personal computers to help inside the creation, change, examination, or smooth of a style. Computer-aided design bundle is utilized to expand the efficiency of the planner, improve the standard of style, and improve interchanges through documentation, and to shape data for delivering. Computer-aided design yield is typically inside the kind of electronic records for print, machining and diverse creating tasks.

CAM is a system design and manufacturing tool that analyses CAD data in order to determine its best application. After analysing the CAD data, CAM inputs it directly into production programming, such as machine routing.

• Production Programming
• Manufacturing Engineering
• Industrial Engineering
• Facilities Engineering
• Reliability Engineering

 

Track-23: Advanced Bio-Manufacturing and Laser Processing Technologies

Organisms and biochemical products are routinely utilized in a wide scope of Industrial manufacturing, and can possibly supplant numerous petrochemical-based industrial procedures.It is not just improving our comprehension of the metabolic pathways in microorganisms, they are likewise utilizing this data to upgrade and tailor microorganisms for modern valuable results. These progressions are foreseen to decrease costs and improve proficiency of industrial manufacturing, just as fundamentally lessen petrochemical-connected pollution.​

• Design, implementation and testing of reconfigurable laser smaller scale handling stages for structuring, texturing finishing and polishing of huge (greater than the field of view) 3D surfaces.
• Examination of laser-material collaborations of advanced engineering materials, aerospace alloys, stainless steel, bulk metallic glasses.
• Procedure configuration in actualizing laser-based modules/systems for fractional surface structuring, finishing, texturing and polishing that can be incorporated with other machining forms, for example processing, into coordinated machining stages.
• Material engineering for organization of laser preparing innovation in mix with cutting edge material handling advances for delivering layers or segments of Nano phase and advanced materials.

 

Market Analysis:

Importance and Scope:

Industry is that the backbone of the European economy. It accounts for eightieth of Europe’s exports and personal innovations, and provides high-skilled jobs for voters. Europe includes a world competitive advantage on high added product and services. Innovation and fight are thus at the centre of the Commission’s agenda and as we tend to stand on the brink of a replacement age, we are tend to committed supporting the transformation of EU trade. Germany corporations are attached to totally different, typically industry-specific associations to effectively represent their collective interests. The Federation of German Industries (Brand Development Index) is that the umbrella organisation for thirty six attached industrial associations that represent the interests of over one hundred, thousand corporations with quite eight million staff. The BDI coordinates the views and proposals of its members and provides business support, like info covering all fields.  

German organizations are among the most innovative in Europe. Industry-based and - financed investment account represent more than two by third all R&D subsidizing in Germany.

Companies are particularly associated with applied research and work intimately with universities, universities of applied sciences and non-university research institutes. Examples of effective technology move can be found in the regions of natural research, resource efficient production and new materials.

German mechanical engineering companies are among the leads players in the worldwide market. The hardware business is one of the biggest mechanical segments in Germany involving practically 7,000 companies, arriving at a planning estimation of in excess of 200 billion Euros in 2018. Large number of medium sized companies are hidden champions, holding an technology driving situation in their respective market globally. Almost 33% of the business' incomes are accomplished by innovations and product improvements.

Digitalization, expanding international competition and continuous on-going cost pressure are a portion of the principle points that German hardware producers are facing today. To stay ahead of the challenge, a high level of development, joined with deep understanding of present and future market and client requirements are invisible. The hardware statistical surveying Germany administrations given by MEYER INDUSTRY RESEARCH help analyse members and new players to market potential, competition, customers and market trends in the German machinery industry.

Statistics of Automation Industry: 

Automation and also the implementation of Machine vision technology facilitate create systematically prime quality and permanent traceability and one hundred percentage production accuracy a reality. High levels of production flexibility will achieved and products changes quickly completed mistreatment economical automation solutions. European nation is that the most significant sales marketplace for  image process trade, with quite thirty per cent of total trade turnover generated domestically. In barely a decade, Machine vision trade turnover has quite doubled. Record turnover of EUR a pair of.6 billion was reached in 2017-18 per cent increase), with dynamic market development set to be maintained in 2018(forecast annual turnover increase of ten per cent). Beyond the automotive trade (20 per cent of total turnover) and also the electrical and physics industries (including semiconductors), different sectors-including the metal and packaging in addition as non-manufacturing industries.

Germany’s AI and automation (R&A) trade has enjoyed unprecedented success over the last decade. With a force of quite fifty two thousand staff, the industry’s turnover has quite quadrupled since the mid-1990s. Contributed by Claudia Gruene, European nation Trade & Invest, the economic development agency of the Federal Republic of European nation Deutschland, Germany, European country that helps produce and secure further employment opportunities to strengthen Germany as a business location.

According to the foremost recent industrial robots statistics from the International Federation of AI (IFR), international automaton sales in 2015 enhanced to the very best level ever recorded—with the international market price for automaton systems calculable to be around US$35 billion. The IFR forecasts that automaton installations can have a compound annual rate of growth of a minimum of thirteen per cent throughout the amount 2017-2019. It’s additionally calculable that quite 1.4 million new industrial robots are going to be put in in factories round the world between 2017 and 2019. The most drivers for this growth area unit increasing production capacities and also the trend towards fitting machine-driven producing lines.

Statistics of computer aided design (CAD) Industry:

The global CAD market is calculable to witness growth at a CAGR of half-dozen.35% over the amount of 2018 to 2028. This growth within the market is attributed to the increasing demand from varied end-use application verticals like automotive business, region and defence business, building and housing industry, industrial machinery business, physical science and electricals business, among others.

The report could be a compilation of various segments of the world CAD market, as well as market breakdown by product sort, technology sort, operative systems, application and geographical areas. Herein, the revenue generated from the merchandise varieties (CATIA, NX and Solid Edge, SOLIDWORKS, Fusion 360 and others), technology varieties (2D-Design and 3D-Design), operative systems (macOS, Windows, UNIX and Linux), application (automotive, region and defense, building and construction, physical science and electricals and others) and geographies (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Near East and Africa, and South America) area unit half-tracked to calculate the general market size in terms useful ($million).